Typically, a fertility specialist will test your blood for pregnancy 14 days after transfer. Bleeding During IVF - What's Normal and What Isn't? Then, you move onto a vaginal ultrasound at five to eight weeks to look for both a heartbeat and a gestational sac to confirm the pregnancy. Pregnancies were classified as viable (live fetus at > or =22 weeks gestation) or non-viable (biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and molar pregnancy). You are considered pregnant with any detectable level of hCG. The higher the percentage of rise in hCG drawn two days following the initial beta, the better the chances for success. Early pregnancy >What is a Good Beta hCG After an IVF Embryo Transfer? X. Updating for the benefit of anyone who might be searching in the future with what happened next: 6w3d - scan showed gestational sac and yolk sac but no fetal pole, 7w4d - scan showed fetal heartbeat but only measured at 6 weeks, so over a week behind, 8w4d - scan showed there was no longer a heartbeat and baby would have stopped growing shortly after previous scan, Our gut had told us something wasnt right from the very beginning with the faint test lines and low HCG xx. Every woman is different and has her own hCG numbers after IVF. Multiple pregnancies which resulted in an sab had a median hCG concentration of 196.54 IU/l which was also significantly lower compared to serum hCG concentrations in live multiple birth/ongoing pregnancies. When I got pregnant with my daughter back in February 2014 I tested 9dp5dt and my first beta was 36. HCG concentrations (IU/l) in viable and non-viable pregnancies, Treatment type and outcome of pregnancies, Aetiology of infertility and outcome of pregnancies. Its been 11 days from my frozen embryo transfer. E-mail: aila.tiitinen@hus.fi, Bergh, T., Ericson, A., Hillensj, T., Nygren, K-G. and Wennerholm, U-B. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the HCG cut-off level that best discriminated between viable and non-viable pregnancies.
The predictive value of the first serum HCG level following transfer of UsedToBeGoldie member. Conclusions: A single HCG reading on day 12 after embryo transfer helps to plan the subsequent follow-up. Disclaimer: Every Patient is different, so beta hCG of IVF given are approximate.
When Should I Test? An Informative Post : r/IVF - reddit You are right, need to just enjoy this! Thanks for sharing that and so happy to hear that you are 18 wks pregnant with twins! A previous study (Gold et al., 2000), reported lower HCG concentrations 16 days after embryo transfer in ICSI compared with IVF in the subgroup of unexplained infertility. In some IVF cycles, fresh embryos are transferred, while in other cases, frozen embryos can also be transferred to the uterus. Bookshelf hCG levels chart in weeks from DPO (days past ovulation): 1 week DPO: 5 - 50 mIU/ml 2 weeks DPO: 5 - 426 mIU/ml 3 weeks DPO: 18 - 7,340 mIU/ml 4 weeks DPO: 1,080 - 56,500 mIU/ml 5 - 6 weeks DPO: 7, 650 - 229,000 mIU/ml 7 - 10 weeks DPO: 25,700 - 288,000 mIU/ml 11 - 14 weeks DPO: 13,300 - 254,000 mIU/ml 15 - 22 weeks DPO: 4,060 - 165,400 mIU/ml PMC So my second beta was 126 at 10dp5dt. The median HCG concentration was 115 IU/l in singleton pregnancies and 201 IU/l in multiple pregnancies (P < 0.0001). In natural frozen embryo transfer cycles, embryo transfer took place 3 days after the LH surge, as measured by using a home test kit. Analyses involving non-viable pregnancies were therefore carried out by the non-parametric MannWhitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. At an HCG level of 200 IU/l, two-thirds are live singletons, almost one third are twins, miscarriages are rare, and tubal pregnancies practically non-existent. 4 days after implantation: 48.10 mIU/mL hCG (15.72-94.09 mIU/mL) 5 days after implantation: 75.25 mIU/mL hCG (29.02-196.95 mIU/mL) (Day 6 would be around the time a period might be due if not pregnant. Serum -HCG is proportional to the number and activity of the trophoblastic cells, and research shows that a higher serum -HCG level is associated with pregnancy outcomes and IVF success. Male factor infertility was associated with viable pregnancy, probably reflecting normal female fertility combined with suboptimal male fertility. Objective: To determine the predictive value of serum hCG concentrations measured on the twelfth day after embryo transfer (D12) as a marker to distinguish between viable and non-viable pregnancies. Thus, a history of tubal infertility together with a low HCG calls for a second HCG and early localization of the pregnancy by transvaginal ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: All women underwent GnRH agonist suppression and controlled ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin administration. A normal HCG level will roughly double every 48 to 72 hours, up to 6,000 mIU/ml. The above hCG levelsare only a guide. Epub 2022 Jun 25. It takes longer to start the implantation process and achieve a high enough hCG level to get a positive pregnancy test. hCG levels rise when an embryo implants in the uterus and a blood test can typically detect the hormone before at-home urine pregnancy tests. Instead, it would be best if you have your doctor perform a blood pregnancy test. When serum -hCG levels 12 days after transfer were evaluated according to the transfer day, the values that were most reliable in predicting clinical pregnancy were 57 mIU/mL for day 3 transfer cycles (sensitivity 71.2%, specificity 64.7%, CI: 0.59-0.79) (Figure 3), and 87 mIU/mL for . The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. The first step in determining the success of an embryo transfer after an IVF cycle is waiting for a positive pregnancy test. Lol. The .gov means its official. The rate of multiple gestation is also high (2025%) (Bergh et al., 1999) and early pregnancy loss is common, which causes anxiety in the couples involved. Data from a study of 123 IVF participants. A pregnancy is visible on ultrasound only if hCG levels are more than 1500 mIU/ml. 2010 Apr;20(4):504-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.01.005. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. There is a large variation in a "normal" HCG level for any given time in . @bridges2798 - thanks so much for the encouragement! Some women normally have a certain amount of hCG in the body naturally. P. Poikkeus, V. Hiilesmaa, A. Tiitinen, Serum HCG 12 days after embryo transfer in predicting pregnancy outcome, Human Reproduction, Volume 17, Issue 7, July 2002, Pages 19011905, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.7.1901. I tested positive on 5DPT. Caution must be used in making too much of hCG numbers. Preorder Now . Im getting retested on Monday and I know the important thing is the doubling rate, rather than the level itself, but a bit worried about it. Reprod Biomed Online. 203 mIU/ml is a high result 12 days after embryo transfer, but not so high.
HCG Levels - 10 Things you need to know | Indira IVF My HCG 13 days after my 5 day embryo transfer was over 1,300 and my 16 day post-transfer test showed over 3,500. 12-16 days after a blastocyst transfer, you would be approximately 4-5 weeks gestation, which can correspond to a beta hCG level as low as 50 or as high as 1,000+ mIU/mL. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. Day 3: Implantation begins as the blastocyst moves deeper into the uterine lining. In other words, your results could be skewed if you dont let some time pass and use the results from two tests that were done on the same day (unlikely if you use results from your specialist). Yes, multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) Plenty of success stories. Male factor infertility and ICSI are associated with relatively low HCG values in viable pregnancies. Of the 876 single euploid FETs, 91% (n=802) had a serum hCG >2 mIU/ml. One study found that median hCG levels on Day 13 after a fresh embryo transfer were 329 for women with one baby and 544 for women carrying twins. No correlation between age and HCG level was observed in viable pregnancies (P = NS).
Serum hCG levels 12 days after embryo transfer is predictive of But a blood test can detect it earlier. Content on HealthUnlocked does not replace the relationship between you and doctors or other healthcare professionals nor the advice you receive from them. This is in accordance with previous findings (Homan et al., 2000; Sugantha et al., 2000). True true. That's what I thought. 1995 Jan;12(1):13-4. doi: 10.1007/BF02214122. Hello all,I am in need of some hope, positivity, or encouragement with any success stories, positive experiences, or advice. If a woman is pregnant after IVF, her levels of hCG will rise steadily and dramatically at the beginning of pregnancy. The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. The results on an ultrasound after 5 - 6 weeks gestation are much more accurate than using hCG numbers . It is usually scheduled 1 month after the embryo transfer or 15 days after a positive hCG result. The median HCG concentration was 126 IU/l in viable pregnancies and 31 IU/l in non-viable pregnancies (P < 0.0001). This very question was addressed by a group from Finland (Poikkeus P. et al, Serum hCG 12 days after embryo transfer in predicting pregnancy outcome. (, Gold, R., Azem, F., Wagman, I., Amit, A. and Lessing, J.
What is a Good Beta hCG After an IVF Embryo Transfer? - Natalist Always consult your physician in the area for your particular needs and circumstances prior to making any decisions whatsoever. It is used to diagnose pregnancy and a result greater than 5 mIU/mL is generally considered positive. You have to use exact numbers, so you cant use basic hCG strips that you buy in a drugstore or pharmacy. Yesterday at 15dp5dt I went for a blood test and my HCG is only 150. HCG levels peak at about 8-10 weeks of pregnancy and then decline, remaining at lower levels for the rest of the pregnancy. Successful ovulation is the first step to getting pregnant; get support from a licensed healthcare provider. The mean -hCG concentrations on days 11, 14 and 21 after OR in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles and on days 6, 9 and 16, respectively, after blastocyst transfer in cryocycles, were significantly lower in the group of patients with a miscarriage compared to the group with a term delivery (p = 0.02, < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). Low progesterone around the time of . Serum concentrations of intact HCG (with both and subunits) were measured by solid phase, two-site fluoroimmunometric assay (AutoDELFIA; Wallac, Turku, Finland). The standards had been calibrated against the WHO Third International Standard of HCG for immunoassay (code 75/537). The study by Stone et al., showed that the doubling times of serum -hCG (-t2) increased from 1.6 days on day 12, to a doubling time 3 days on day 24 after embryo transfer [ 11 ], suggesting that -hCG doubled more quickly in early pregnancy. Open (white) symbols denote viable pregnancies and closed (black) symbols non-viable pregnancies. hCG level rises rapidly during the first trimester and then declines slightly. Disclaimer. All my other transfers were 6 day embabies. Congratulations! Within the 3rd decile (HCG range 2945 IU/l), the probabilities of biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, and normal pregnancy were similar, about 31% each. This may be helpful if you are curious about whats considered normal (hint: normal doubling rate covers a very wide range of increase in hCG level).
IVF Process: Where to Start With IVF (In Virto - Verywell Family A high beta hCG could indicate multiples (twins or triplets), which would be confirmed through an ultrasound. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) serum -HCG levels were examined in our hospital 14 days after IVF-ET (D3 embryos) or 12 days after IVF-ET (all D5 embryos, excluding the D6 embryos), (2) serum -HCG level > 6 IU/L, (3) completed ultrasound examination to determine clinical pregnancy 3 weeks later, and (4) completed follow-up data But what's more important than the absolute beta number that helps determine normal levels is the rate of increase over time (it should double every 48 hours). In non-viable pregnancies, no significant differences in HCG concentrations were detected either in the aetiological subgroups or in the different treatment groups. As stated above, the ultrasound findings are much more predictive of pregnancy outcomes than the hCG levels. hCG is not a hormone that your body usually produces. As soon as fertilization begins, the embryos begin aging. One study found that median hCG levels on Day 13 after a fresh embryo transfer were 329 for women with one baby and 544 for women carrying twins. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. During 19941999, a total of 1888 embryo transfers were carried out at the Infertility Clinic of Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin level measured 17 days after oocyte retrieval can predict final clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. (, Homan, G., Brown, S., Moran, J., Homan, S. and Kerin, J. We respect everyones right to express their thoughts and opinions as long as they remain respectful of other community members, and meet What to Expects Terms of Use. Progesterone levels rise much differently than hCG levels, with an average of 1-3mg/ml every couple days until they reach their peak for that trimester. During IVF, however, final egg maturation is triggered by an hCG injection (generally 10,000 units) given approximately 36 hours prior to egg retrieval, increasing hCG levels in the patient's body. During 1994-1999, we studied 774 embryo transfer cycles resulting in pregnancy defined as a serum HCG concentration of > or =5 IU/l on day 12 following embryo transfer.
HCG Levels - Signs and indications | Average HCG Level chart by DPO The site content is for educational & informational purposes with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness.
Measuring and interpreting Blood hCG to Assess Pregnancy Viability I need someone to knock some sense into me because I am spiraling.
hCG levels: Ranges, what they mean, and when to seek help An ultrasound will confirm the location of pregnancy (normal or abnormal) and heartbeat of the baby can also be detected at this time. A day 3 embryo is still in the process of growing and dividing into a blastocyst. Im 16weeks 1day today and everything looks great! Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Some recent studies have shown that the rise could be as slow as 53% in two days and the pregnancy could still turn out to be normal. Non-pregnant females: <5.0 mIU/ml. wow, such a hope promising post!
HCG levels for a twin pregnancy? The Bump What is a Good First hCG Level after Embryo Transfer? - InVia Fertility IVF Process Basics Success Rates IVF Costs IVF Safety and Risks Step 1: Before Treatment Step 2: Treatment Cycle Begins Step 3: Ovarian Stimulation Step 4: Oocyte Maturation Step 5: Egg Retrieval Step 6: Fertilization Step 7: Embryo Transfer Step 7: Embryo Transfer Step 9: Pregnancy Test J Assist Reprod Genet. Median HCG concentrations in singleton live pregnancies following transfer of one versus two embryos were 104 IU/l and 119 IU/l respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: A single HCG reading on day 12 after embryo transfer helps to plan the subsequent follow-up. Although the EP in our series were clearly associated with low HCG values, they could not be distinguished from the much larger group of other pregnancies with similar levels of HCG. Below 1,200 mIU/ml, hCG usually doubles every 48-72 hours, but 35%+ is still normal. glad to hear its jumped Amy, I had low HCG and all turned out fine. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Markers have been sought to distinguish between viable and non-viable pregnancies before verification of live intrauterine pregnancy by transvaginal sonography (TVS) is possible. hCG levels chart in weeks from DPO (days past ovulation): Step 1: Choose IVF treatment and input embryo transfer date, Step 2: Enter the first hCG test date andbeta hCG level, Step 3. After 36-40 hours of ovulation induction, the wife will be anesthetized to collect the eggs while the husband will have the sperm collected. Unfortunately, this is where most women who are very inexperienced in understanding hCG levels make their mistakes. Just praying that things double on Thursday as they should. The hCG level has to rise appropriately (it doubles every 3 days or so in early pregnancy) till it reaches around 1500 mIU/mL.
Steps in Fertility IVF Process | Center for Women's Health | OHSU All my other transfers were 6 day embabies. Some or all of the eggs will be fertilized. government site.
5 Day Embryo What was your HCG Levels? - What to Expect Double measurements of serum HCG concentration and its ratio may predict IVF outcome. My home pregnancy tests have been stronger every day but the digital one only said 1-2 weeks. There is a large variation in what could be considered normal, but you should see your beta HCG levels rising by at least 50% every 48 hours. On day 12 following embryo transfer, serum hCG level of each patient was determined by a fluoroimmunometric assay system. I am on 1ml progesterone oil intramuscular every day, three times per day 200mg progesterone suppositories, baby aspirin once a . Entire Website 2003 - 2020Karande and Associates d/b/a InViaFertility Specialists, Intro to Assisted Reproductive Technologies, hCG levels are different for day 3 vs. day 5 transfers, make an appointment at one of InVia Fertility's four Chicago area fertility clinics, Top 10 Questions Our Fertility Nurses Answer, Don't Delay Frozen Embryo Transfer After Failed IVF. In most labs, a value greater than 5mlU/ml is considered positive. Curious what individuals HCG levels were for a 5 day embryo transfer? I appreciate the encouragement. Serum HCG concentrations were measured by fluoroimmunometric assay. Micronized vaginal progesterone at a dose of 200 mg daily was administered for 2 weeks after embryo transfer. A clinical pregnancy is when the embryo implants in the uterus and is identified by ultrasound at 5-6 weeks of gestation. A home test can first detect hCG levels that indicate pregnancy about 12-14 days after conception. Early -hCG levels predict live birth after single embryo transfer. I had 1 AA/5 day embryo transferred 12 days ago and got a positive blood test but with a hCG level of 12.2. Our study did not include comparison with spontaneous pregnancies, but others have reported that early HCG in spontaneous pregnancies is higher than that in the IVF pregnancies (Tulchinsky et al., 1996; Ertzeid et al., 2000). Day 11: The embryo is surrounded by fluid inside the amniotic sac. Good luck! One hundred eleven patients had positive serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days post-ET; 89/111, or 80.2%, had ongoing pregnancies. There are other medical reasons that could be behind an unusually high beta hCG.
HCG levels 8 days after FET? - Fertility Treatments - What to Expect 2018 Winter;83(5):329-336. Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. Clinics recommend a two-week wait after your embryo transfer because taking a pregnancy test too soon after the frozen egg transfer often produces false results. Dr. Karande is Board Certified in the specialty of Obstetrics and Gynecology as well as the subspecialty of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. Enter the second hCG test date and beta hCG level, Step 4: Calculate and examine the results, Example Results from an IVF hCG Calculator, IVF Comparison Tool: Compare Fertility Clinics Success Rates, Fertility Clinic Rankings in the United States, IVF Cost Calculator: Costs of Own eggs, Donor, Surrogate, FET, ICSI and PGD, IVF due date calculator with one baby,twins or triplets, including 3 day and 5 day, IVF Success Rate Calculator Predict the Likelihood of Live Birth After IVF, Own eggs, Fresh donor eggs, Fresh donor embryos, consider the egg retrieval date as 0 day of DPO date, 14 days later after the egg retrieval date, consider embryo transfer date as 3 days of DPO date, 11 days later after the embryo transfer date, consider embryo transfer date as 5 days of DPO date, 9 days later after the embryo transfer date, Tell you the difference in levels from the first and second test, as a percentage (i.e., +525/+700% or -25/-67%), Give you a 2-day increase rate, regardless of how many days passed between your tests. After an embryo transfer procedure, it takes around 10-14 days to see the IVF results. Mrs. Alice member. Table III shows the aetiology of infertility in relation to the outcome. You have no idea how much you just put me at ease. Design: Two thousand four hundred six women who had fresh embryo transfers between January 2000 and December 2002 were studied retrospectively. 12-16 days after a blastocyst transfer, you would be approximately 4-5 weeks gestation, which can correspond to a beta hCG level as low as 50 or as high as 1,000+ mIU/mL. Xx, Hi AmyK. To conduct an analysis that determines the level of hCG in the blood, it is advisable not earlier than two weeks after embryo transfer. It is detectable only when there is evidence of embryo implantation. At day 12 after embryo transfer, each patient had her HCG level assessed. Heres where things get interesting. Our cut-off level for predicting a viable pregnancy (76 IU/l) was slightly higher than those reported for similar (80%) sensitivity: 42 mIU/ml (Qasim et al., 1996); 55 IU/l (Bjercke et al., 1999); and 50 IU/l (Sugantha et al., 2000). Make An Appointment With Dr. Robles To Discuss Your Fertility Options Today! There are usually three beta hCG tests (assuming the first and second are positive). If the level was between 300 and 600, the ongoing . A study of 177 IVF cycles showed that pregnancies with a beta hCG concentration<85 mIU/mL at Day 13 had an 89% risk of having a first trimester miscarriage, and pregnancies with -hCG >386mU/mL had a 91% chance of a live birth.
Association between 7-day serum -hCG levels after frozen-thawed embryo The 10dp5dt was 17.7. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company.
HCG Levels - 10 Things You Need To Know | Your IVF Journey The differences could be partly due to the different HCG assays used, and partly due to our decision, unlike the others, to regard the five late miscarriages (which have relatively high initial HCG) as non-viable pregnancies. Another study even showed that there is a lower rate of early miscarriage in the OHSS group (7.8%) than overall (16%). In simplest terms, the beta hCG test tells you how much hCG is in the blood. Read More. A live birth with unexpectedly low serum human chorionic gonadotropin level on day 11 after blastocyst embryo transfer: a case report. The 2-test was used for comparison of proportions. He is a Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. And finally you get it! Egg Freezing vs Embryo Freezing: Pros and Cons.
Your doctor will have you take additional blood tests until hCG is no longer detected to ensure that you have recovered and can move forward. And I had a healthy pregnancy and gave birth to my now 13 month old daughter. Very low. Their mean age at treatment was 32 years (range 2141). 191: Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy, Obstetrics & Gynecology: February 2018 Volume 131 Issue 2 p e65-e77doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002464. Most of the time, when a woman is pregnant, her hCG levels double within 2 days of the first hCG test. It is not a pregnancy test. I wouldn't worry about it too much. Doctor likes to see 80 at this point but it does mean a positive test. In viable pregnancies, an exponential transformation gave a good fit to normal distribution allowing use of Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All biochemical pregnancies were found at hCG levels < 100 mIU/mL. 2022 Sep;39(9):2051-2059. doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02553-6. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Data on the outcomes were retrospectively retrieved from the records. 2022 Jan 17;26(1):62-67. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210054. Sometimes, women will ask if their hCG level in doubling timeis normal. Patients with ectopic pregnancies were also associated with low hCG values with the median concentration of 42.56 IU/l. JBRA Assist Reprod. Before Get your query answered 24*7 only on | Practo Consult . This hCG calculator can do for you. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. It's a little low, so I hope that the level today is what you are looking for.
HCG Levels in Pregnancy and hCG Chart - What's - What to Expect The mean -hCG concentrations based on maternal age (23-33 years vs 34-45 years) were obtained (357.9 + 276.7 vs 269.5 244.4 mIU/mL), where the differences in both groups did not differ significantly statistically (p = 0.206). Stay positive, eat a well-balanced diet, and continue taking your progesterone supplementation. I'm feeling optimistic!! Try and relax enjoy being pregnant! A level of P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. BFP April 12 - E born December 2012 at 39w, 1d Report 0 Reply. English. The mean -hCG levels on day 12 after embryo transfer based on maternal age, body mass index and infertile duration. If your hCG stays the same and does not drop to zero, your doctor will talk to you about options to intervene.A failed transfer is devastating. How Effective is Letrozole for Ovulation Induction? pregnant. The ROC curve was constructed by plotting the true positive rate (sensitivity) on the y-axis and the false positive rate (1-specificity) on the x-axis for a given HCG concentration. its so hard to hear my RE say I am not hopeful, it does not give me all the feels I have my second draw tomorrow. I am definitely feeling much more at ease after hearing these comments thank you. An IVF hCG calculator measures the rate that hCG levels double between two different tests. While single tests for hCG arent the only factor in pregnancy, an IVF hCG calculator can provide some assurance or at least help determine if rising or declining levels of hCG are normal or not. Tell you how long its taking for your hCG levels to double, based on your information (i.e, 16 hours). Such an anxious time. Appreciate your comments! That is why we recommend that you get an office blood test, which is a quantitative test that provides a numeric value for the hormone hCG. and when the hCG test is performed. The normal hCG levels for twins is 30% to 50% higher than in single pregnancy- somewhere around 200 to 1750 mIU/ml. 3 4 (, Hsu, M-I., Mayer, J., Aronshon, M., Lanzendorf, S., Muasher, S., Kolm, P. and Oehringer, S. (, Hsu, M-I., Kolm, P., Leete, J., Dong, K., Muasher, S. and Oehninger, S. (, Legro, R., Paulson, R., Lobo, R. and Sauer, M. (, Ong, C., Liao, A., Spencer, K., Munim, S. and Nicolaides, K. (, Schmidt, L., Asch, R., Frederick, J., Rojas, F., Stone, S. and Balmaceda, J.
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