which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet

The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. Customers included US military as well as industry. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. See Answer. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Definition. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. The micro has to have a real . It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. service packs. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. 1951. Quiz 1. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. false. Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. "Best study app ever! The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. microprocessor/ processor. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Question 13. Dollars. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. Once finally completed, it achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits per second of I/O transfer via a unique combination of its parallel architecture and the overlapping or "pipelining" structure of its 64 processing elements. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. Its large scope intrigued early hackers at MIT, who wrote the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, as well as programs to play music. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone.