however it was indirectly responsible because it was the catalyst for the other rebellions that occurred in the future. This rebellion grew rapidly under Lin Chi-hieh and other leaders, oue of whom was a woman surnamed Wang, until there were a hundred thousand rebels in arms, who fought with varying fortune against an at least equal number of imperialist solidiers. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu.
White Lotus Rebellion | Military Wiki | Fandom Rather, it consisted of uncoordinated roving bands using hit-and-run guerrilla tactics.
Yingcong Dai. The White Lotus War: Rebellion and Suppression in Late Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? The rebellion soon grew in numbers and power, and eventually became a serious concern for the oppressive Amarr empire . ", Without any clear enemy to fight, brutality against civilians became more common. The end of the White Lotus Rebellion in 1804 also brought an end to the myth of the military invincibility of the Manchus, contributing to the increasing frequency of rebellions in the 19th century. The Emperor Qianlong (Ch'ien-lung) (reigned 173599) sent Helin, brother to the infamously corrupt eunuch Heshen and Fukangan, related by marriage to the Emperor, to quell the uprising. Only after 1800 did the Qing government adopt new tactics that established local militias (tuan) to help surround and destroy the White Lotus. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list.
White Lotus Rebellion - Wikiwand The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. ", McCaffrey, Cecily.
Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813 - Wikipedia Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.
White Lotus Rebellion - Wikipedia Inventions Buddhist sects, such as the White Lotus sect, a group that attracted many followers among the Chinese lower classes. [6] Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. Omissions? #ga-ad {display: none;}
The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. He simply and quietly disappeared. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Red Turban Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Hngjn Qy) was an uprising influenced by the White Lotus Society members that, between 1351 and 1368, targeted the ruling Yuan Dynasty of China, eventually leading to its overthrowing. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. His rule covered a span of 63 years, a reign lo, Kublai Khan An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. ", in, Zhang Shucai (1992). View original page. Because of the brutality of the Qing troops, however, the troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. ThoughtCo. Strong rebel leaders began to have major impacts on the ability of the Qing to rule. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . These three Atlantic RevolutionsAmerican, French, and Haitianwere part of a broader world crisis at the end of the eighteenth century. Welcome to White Lotus Dental: At White Lotus Dental our goal is to provide the highest quality dental care in a comfortable, relaxed and friendly environment. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). "Broken Passage to the Summit: Nayanchengs Botched Mission in the White Lotus War." The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. Szczepanski, Kallie. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. The rebellion was started by some elements of the millenarian Tianli Sect () or Heavenly Principle Sect, which was a branch of the White Lotus Sect. But as oue leader fell or was captured, another replaced him, and as the rebellion was extinguished in one place, it blazed out in another. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion. When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale. [11], The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion, "White Lotus Rebellion Soon the new migrants began to outnumber the indigenous people, and conflict over local leadership grew and grew strong. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. Rapid and often reckless development of the Shensi uplands, however, often led to soil erosion, rapid loss of fertility, and declining crop output. As a result of such technological improvements, the Chinese population exploded, increasing from just shy of 178 million in 1749 to almost 359 million in 1811; and by 1851, the population in Qing dynasty China was close to 432 million people. At first, farmers in regions adjacent to Mongolia worked for the Mongols, but eventually, the people in the overcrowded Hubei and Hunan provinces flowed out and into the region. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. [4] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. The grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. ." It broke out in 1794, and was at full height in 1796, among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. in, Gaustad, Blaine C. "Prophets and pretenders: inter-sect competition in Qianlong China. }, Page last modified: Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. Ch'ien-lung (1711-1799) was the fourth emperor of the Ch'ing, or Manchu, dynasty in China. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. Under the Ming and the Qing, the movement existed in small, secret congregations and its doctrines were spread through baojuan ("precious volumes . Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty.
Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty [2][3], The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Alternate titles: Bailianjiao, Pai-lien chiao, San Jos State University - The White Lotus Religion in China. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. //