why was henry vii called the winter king

To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Consultant editor for the. He was the last king of England to win . Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. ), The Reign of Henry VII. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. So 4 stars. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Thank you for subscribing. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. What old December's bareness every where! Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. It was no easy feat. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Henry VII Facts, Information & Biography - Tudor Monarchs - English History A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Henry was devastated. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. [2] His father died three months before his birth. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. This definitely was not that. Watch for $0.00 with Prime. 3.5 Stars. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. All the information is from Thomas Penn. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Why was Henry VII called the "Winter King"? - Quora There were some sections I had to skim because I didn't feel they were relevant to the storyline, but mostly I was hooked into this very complex King. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). He spent money lavishly, held big parties. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. The 17 year-old Prince Henry became King Henry VIII and started a different era. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. Henry VII ruled from 1485-1509 and had a dubious claim on the throne, spending most of his time before the famous Battle of Bosworth Field in exile and gaining credibility from his marriage to Elizabeth of York. This was excellent. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Backdating Henry's Reign. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. (We certainly can, and do, decide what sort of king Henry was based on what he had his government get up to, however.). Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. 1845. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. Happy St Davids Day! Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. His spies and informers were everywhere. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. 8 Things You May Not Know About Henry VIII - HISTORY Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. [30] Before departing for London, Henry sent Robert Willoughby to Sheriff Hutton in Yorkshire, to arrest Warwick and take him to the Tower of London. This is why he named the book the Winter King. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Martin Luther 95 thesis. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. This revived an earlier practice of using a small (and trusted) group of the Privy Council as a personal or Prerogative Court, able to cut through the cumbersome legal system and act swiftly. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households.

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